Orient

Notes on transliteration

The languages catalogued in the Oriental Department are mostly written in scripts that deviate from the Latin alphabet. In librarianship, tables were therefore developed according to which the individual scripts were transliterated into the Latin script.

Arabic

Armenian

Ethiopian

Georgian

Hebrew

Persian

South Asian scripts

Syrian

 


Arabic transliteration

In the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, two transliterations were used for Arabic: 

From the beginning to the 80s, transliteration according to PI (Prussian Instructions) took place,

then according to RAK (Rules for Alphabetical Cataloguing).

In der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin wurden für das Arabische zwei Umschriften benutzt: 

 


Armenian Transliteration

In the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, two transliterations were used for Armenian: 

From the beginning to the 80s, transliteration according to PI (Prussian Instructions) took place,

then according to RAK (Rules for Alphabetical Cataloguing). 

 


Ethiopian transliteration

In the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, two transliterations were used for Ethiopian: 

From the beginning to the 80s, transliteration according to PI (Prussian Instructions) took place,

then according to RAK (Rules for Alphabetical Cataloguing). 

 


Georgian transliteration

In the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, two transliterations were used for Georgian: 

From the beginning to the 80s, transliteration according to PI (Prussian Instructions) took place,

then according to RAK (Rules for Alphabetical Cataloguing). 

 


Hebrew transliteration

In the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, three transliterations were used for Hebrew: 

From the beginning to the 80s, transliteration according to PI (Prussian Instructions) took place,

until about 2005 according to RAK (Rules for Alphabetical Cataloguing) and 

our transliteration rules since approx. 2010 (DIN 31636) can be found here.

 


Persian transliteration

Here you will find the current transliteration rules for the Persian language.

 

 



Syrian transliteration

Syrian books and manuscripts were transliterated according to PI (Prussian Instructions). 

At the moment a new transliteration is in progress.